Existing trials provide some evidence of the effectiveness for pain relief of physical therapy, rocker-sole shoes, foot orthoses and surgical interventions in first metatarsophalangeal joint OA and prefabricated orthoses in midfoot OA. There are few randomized controlled trials in foot OA.
Epidemiological studies suggest the existence of distinct first metatarsophalangeal joint and polyarticular phenotypes, which have differing clinical and risk factor profiles. The first metatarsophalangeal joint is most commonly affected, followed by the second cuneometatarsal and talonavicular joints. Symptomatic radiographic foot OA affects 17% of adults aged 50 years and over. Most existing studies focus on the first metatarsophalangeal joint, with evidence relating to midfoot OA being particularly sparse.
Foot osteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem in older adults yet is under-researched compared to knee or hand OA.
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